Are The Barriers Of Evidence Based Policy Making Much...

Are the barriers to evidence-based policy making much smaller than most critics suggest? Word count: 3038 Introduction â€Å"Policy research puts the spotlight on the variables that indicate relationships of social problems and other variables that public policy can manoeuvre† (Weimer and Vining, 2011, p. 25). Therefore, it is understandable that a better-educated and informed public that is present nowadays is more concerned about governments doing ‘the right thing’. Likewise, there is more and more scepticism about government interventions, especially when they inherit monetary spending (Davies et al., 2000, pp. 1–2). These are only a few reasons why in the field of policy making evidence became a substantial part. According to the vast amount of literature and the importance assigned to this topic from governments globally, one could think we have arrived in a â€Å"scientifically guided society† (Lindblom, 1990, pp. 213–214), (Nutley and Webb, 2000, p. 13). The purpose of this essay is to answer the question, if the barriers to evidence-based policy making are much smaller than most critics suggest. For this reason, a short introduction and the current debate about evidence-based policy will be given in the first instance. Secondly, known barriers of evidence-based policy making like timing or resources and ways to overcome them, will be presented. Based on these findings a concept that explains the claim that the barriers of evidence-based policymaking (EBP) are much smallerShow MoreRelatedPharmaceutical Industry Pricing Models Essay3586 Words   |  15 Pagesthe sense that that it is fundamentally based in research and development (RD) but is also a manufacturing industry. Like other industries within the health sector, elements of it are engaged in health service delivery, as it becomes increasingly involved in the advising of appropriate use of its products. It is a segment of the health industry that is respected worldwide for its introduction of new products and is at the cutting edge of some of the most exciting areas of high technology, includingRead MoreAgricultural Trade Policies During The European Union2976 Words   |  12 Pages Agriculture has been one of the flagship areas of European collaboration since the early days of the European Community (EC). Agricultural trade policies in the European Union (EU) can be divided into roughly two parts: production support via the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and External Trade Barriers via tariffs and quotas set against non-member states. When the principles of the â€Å"Common Market† were decided in late 50s, France insisted on a system of agricultural subsidies as its price forRead MoreGlobalization: A Western Perspective3291 Words   |  14 PagesWashington consensus, often interchangeably used with neoliberal policies, has become a rod of dissatisfaction among anti-globalization. In theory, neoliberal policies seek to industrialize Latin America through western ideas and structure under the policy of â€Å"one size fits all†. Late development theory states that not all development will follow the same path as their predecessors. Each country a ccounts for its own history, culture, trajectory and variables for development. Globalization while itRead MoreBreaking Through the Glass Ceiling2084 Words   |  9 Pagesin 23 countries selected by the author, were held by women. In the countries of Eastern and Central Europe this progression could be explained by policies to support working mothers, and in some other industrialized countries - by women’s movements. However, within certain professions, women often still had to occupy lower and less paid positions than men. If in the last decades there has been a real progress in women’s professional employment, in managerial positions women still stand for a veryRead MoreHarmonization of International Accounting Standards: Advantages Disadvantages, Obstacles Solutions3944 Words   |  16 Pagesand circumstances.   National accounting standards can be modified as situations change, and policies can be implemented without consent of all the nations involved in an international accounting system.   (Diaconu 2007) I have outlined some of the advantages and disadvantages that could possibly arise from implementing a harmonized international accounting standard.   Now I will examine some of the barriers that prevent harmonization from proceeding.   Many countries have different accounting methodsRead MorePreschool Programs And The Universal Preschool2914 Words   |  12 Pagesyear–olds, and focus on school readiness. The term universal preschool means that preschool programs are available to any child in a given state, regardless of family income, children’s abilities, or any other factors (Colker). Like Kindergarten in most states, the concept of the Universal Preschool Movement is to have a voluntary program, unlike compulsory elementary. Universal preschool would make preschool programs available to any child in a given state, regardless of family income, children’sRead MoreThe Aurora Scheme Run By Leadership Foundation For Higher Education3997 Words   |  16 Pagesthe implications of the Aurora scheme on her own organisation within literature that focuses on gendered aspects of leadership and examines women-only mentoring programmes. Most importantly, the assignment will argue that the Aurora scheme is a mentoring intervention focused on the level of individual participants rather than the level of the organisation. As such, it has not really made any impact on how the author’s institution constructs leadership and positions women leaders within its structuresRead MoreSo Far International Monetary Fund (Imf) Has Been Failed to Curve Corruption, Reduce Public Spending and Develop Macroeconomic Policies4014 Words   |  17 Pagesâ€Å"So Far International Monetary Fund (IMF) Has Been Failed to Curve Corruption, Reduce Public Spending and Develop Macroeconomic Policies.† What is IMF? The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were created in 1944 at a conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, and are now based in Washington, DC. Now it is an organization of 188 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainableRead MoreEssay about Agency Problem26370 Words   |  106 Pageswith the conventional wisdom about investment barriers segmenting global investors and how cross-listings overcome those barriers cleared the way for newer wisdom about informational problems and agency conï ¬â€šicts, and how ï ¬ rms could overcome weaknesses in corporate governance by listing on, and thus â€Å"bonding† to, overseas markets with stronger regulatory oversight, stringent reporting and disclosure requirements and investor protections. Critics have challenged the viability of the bonding hypothesisRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs: a Critical Review of the Literature12149 Words   |  49 PagesWithin this frame, existing studies of women business owners are classified and examined according to four themes that appear to be most prominent. These four themes are (1) Women business owners’ characteristics and development; (2) Women’s motives for starting and leading a business; (3) Women’s leadership styles and management strategies in small business; and (4) Barriers and conflicts encountered by women business owners. The article argues that further study and critical analysis is required

First Modern Revolution 3d Printing, Now A Days Is...

Three dimensional (3D) printing, now a days is taking the world by tempest. President Barack Obama as of late said that 3D printing innovation can possibly make a huge change in the way we make practically everything. News and exploratory productions have named it the as second modern revolution. 3D printing is used to be restricted to assembling littler things, for example, mugs, model autos, or firearms. A few, nonetheless, imagine 3D imprinting on a more stupendous scale. Research organizations and structural firms are creating innovation that may permit the manufacture of entire structures, or huge segments thereof, by printing not long from now. This, they trust, will be executed by the business all in all, essentially lessening the†¦show more content†¦The material and exact technique for application will shift contingent upon the thing being printed and the innovation being used. For instance, 3D printers use plastic, paper, elastic, and metal, among different materia ls; these materials are included by spraying, expelling, or altering them set up with a laser or beam. The deciding result is a three dimensional item as outlined by the computerized model. 2. Developments for the Construction Industry Expanding on the general idea of 3D printing, innovators are taking a shot at innovation that they trust will make it conceivable to print entire structures. Presently such innovation is nascent, with advancement to a great extent being made at colleges and creative structural firms. Driving the charge in the United States is Behrokh Khoshnevis, a designing teacher at the University of Southern California. Khoshnevis has built up a specific emphasis of 3D printing called Contour Crafting. Contour Crafting is executed with a Contour Crafter – an extruder associated with a PC controlled gantry on rails. The rails are put on either side of an establishment, and the extruder, moved by the gantry, then applies layers of speedy setting concrete. The solid is connected in order to shape empty dividers, and extra cement is added to fill the divider in differing sums relying upon whether the divider is loadbearing. The Contour Crafter is additionally ready to introduce conduits for pipes and electrical wiring,

My Life as a High School Student Free Essays

My name is Mercedez JaNae Jordan and I am from Chicago. I am a very outgoing and passionate. I have been through a lot of obstacles in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on My Life as a High School Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now I am taking this class to graduate on time and move forward in my life pursue my dream today. When I was little I my brother was almost kidnapped was a surreal and life learning. When I seen my brother being taken I was little but I still ran to save him. It thought me that you can never be too sure of a person and to always be careful who you invite into your life. When I was about seven my mother and my father divorced and it hurt a lot of people and me of course. That taught me that nothing last forever also love isn’t always true happiness. When I seen my father leave the feeling was bitter sweet because my mom was relieved and you could see her happiness in a long time but also because my father was no longer there to lean on. The last life surprise was my brother moving to California when I was like 13, I was so close to my brother it was sad to see him leave but it was the best for him. My brother needed a new start because he didn’t understand the value of him mistakes but he was my best friend so he no longer in my life was so surreal. I have seen a lot of things in my life that a lot of people will never see in theirs. I am 18 years old and have a lot of hopes and dreams and plan to accomplish every single one of them. How to cite My Life as a High School Student, Essays

Advanced Particle Systems Engineering for Drug -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAdvanced Particle Systems Engineering for Drug. Answer: Introduction Concomitant with the advancement in science and technology, a plethora of changes have occurred in terms of the application of certain particles in varied domains. The medical and pharmaceutical industry has witnessed rigorous modifications in terms of wide scale utilization of particles in nanometer (10-9 m) range termed as nanoparticles. In the nanomedicine field, nanoparticles application has gained prominence recently and offers hope in the detection, diagnosis and treatment for various diseases. It has offered hope in the early detection of certain life threatening diseases thereby aiding in subsequent treatments for providing holistic remedy to the situation. Targeted drug delivery is also a possibility amongst the diverse application encompassing diagnostic imaging and differentiation. Large surface-to-mass ratio in addition to increased surface modification sites that renders it with improved drug or bioactive delivery efficiency makes these nanoparticles suitable for targete d drug delivery and is ever expanding (Lin, 2015). Background and Significance Technological breakthrough has widened the horizon for the application of nanoparticles in the medical and pharmaceutical sector. Types of nanoparticles such as polymer, liposome, micelles, silica, metallic particles, and carbon materials all have diverse applications in the medicine and pharmaceutical sectors. High encapsulation of drug or bioactive molecules apart from shielding negative charge of cargo and targeting delivery through ligand-receptor interaction accounts for the improved efficiency in drug delivery. In this respect, mention may be made about the quantum dots that have been found to exert their impacts in nanoparticle based drug delivery system that holds the potential for the enhancement of existing drugs efficacy and paves the way for novel therapies development. Beneficial effects of quantum dots have been evident in mitigation of drug toxicity, improvement of bioavailability, and increase in circulation times. Further, release of controlled drug and its targeting has also been achieved through nanoparticle based drug delivery through use of quantum dots. Additional therapeutic benefits area attained through utilization of properties related to phtothermal therapy and magneto-transfection (Probst et al., 2013). It has been seen that quantum dots acts by means of generating energy in the form of photon of light where the variation in colors occur depending on the energy levels. Recent research has showed that development of biodegradable polymeric vesicles as a mean of nanocarrier system for the purpose of multimodal bio imaging as well as anticancer drug delivery have paved the way for treating life-threatening conditions. An emulsion-evaporation method was utilized in a research study for the encapsulation of inorganic imaging agents comprising of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanaoparticles, busulfan anticancer drug, zinc sulfide quantum dots that is manganese doped into the polymeric compound of PLGA vesicles. In vitro investigation of PLG A vesicle demonstrated its drug delivery capacity through release of busulfan (Ye et al., 2014). Thus, the quantum dots cellular uptake mechanism consisting of three key stages involving endocytosis, sequestration in early endosomes and ultimately traslocation into later endosomes or lysososmes may be held responsible for accentuating the organ targeted drug delivery in case of nanotechnology. Role of Quantum Dots nanoparticles in organ-targeted drug delivery The diverse roles of the nanoparticles have been reported across various literatures owing to the varied properties each of them possess. Pertinent study has laid focus on elucidating the functioning of brain due to negatively charged structures of proteoglycans and sialoglycoconjugates. In this effort, the quantum dots have garnered much attention. The results confirmed that quantum dots have immense potential of acting as vehicle for trafficking proteins into the cells in the brain. Neuronal uptake of green fluorescent protein (GFP) through administration of a histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein to the hppocampal sites affirmed this observation (Walters et al., 2015). Further, the wide range application of quantum dots may also be witnessed through the light of the carbon quantum dots usability. Research has provided empirical evidences in favor of the diverse array of applications concerning the carbon quantum dots in fields of biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine and other s. In nanomedicine, the drug delivery system is of significance and carbon quantum dots play vital roles in generating holistic results. Controlled drug release in addition to function as drug carriers and fluorescent tracers are the potential functions of carbon quantum dots. This was backed by evidence received from study in which it was shown that carbon quantum dots when loaded with anticancer drug named doxorubicin was capable of controlling the release of the drug in HeLa cells. Further, it was observed that carbon quantum dots functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomers accounted for rendering longer circulation time in the physiological systems prior to targeting of the selected tissues in attaining localized therapy (Lim, Shen Gao, 2015). Again, relevant study has brought to the forefront that grapheme quantum dots when conjugated with albumin nanoparticles lead to enhancement in the bioavailability as well as sustained drug release property in case of in vitro pancreatic cancer cells. Improved efficacy of the drug delivery system was also noted for the bioimaging technique as an effective vehicle for drug delivery (Nigam et al., 2014). Simultaneous drug delivery targeting alongside cellular imaging has been highlighted in study concerning the folic acid targeted Mn:ZnS quantum dots that revealed promising effects in terms of theranostic applications. Heightened capacity of binding affinity and internalization of the nano carrier towards the overexpressed folate receptor cells was noted through chitosan encapsulated quantum dots functionalization with folic acid (Bwatanglang et al., 2016). Thus, the nanoparticles accounted for giving the quantum dots unique functional abilities that in turn facilitated the organ targeted drug delivery. Limitations and Safety concerns The multitude of benefits associated with quantum dots based nanoparticles has lead to the widespread application of it in the context of medicine and pharmaceutical sectors. However, unlike any other technological interventions, quantum dots have their own potential limitations. There remains possibility of having surface defects for quantum dots that in turn might influence the recombination of electrons. As a result blinking might take place in case of the quantum dots and causing deterioration of the quantum yield of the dots. Moreover, conjugation of quantum dots with other molecules makes it difficult for drug delivery due to increase in size of the particle thereby impeding the biological functions of the quantum dots (Karakoti et al., 2015). Thus, the drug targeting function of these particles may be impaired to some extent. Safety concerns in relation to the use of quantum dots have been a vital issue. Toxicity associated with quantum dots has been alarming as the coatings may be cytotoxic as ut might be damaging to cells. Moreover, it has been cited in study that in case the core of quantum dots are compromised, it might pose threats of toxicity due to the metallic core itself or because of the dissolution of the core. Undesirable changes might set in because of erosion of the shell. Metabolism and degradation within the cell because of quantum dots remains unraveled, while other studies have confirmed its accumulation within the spleen, liver and kidney (Hofmann-Amtenbrink, M., Grainger, D. W., Hofmann, 2015). Conclusion Despite the limitations and safety concerns, the potential benefits and advantages linked to nanoparticles such as that of quantum dots cannot be denied and offer scope for future exploration. Investigations must be carried out focusing on the detailed mechanisms that govern the Quantum Dots application in organ-targeted drug delivery. Efforts must be streamlined to mitigate the limitations and safety concerns as much as practicable. References Bwatanglang, I. B., Mohammad, F., Yusof, N. A., Abdullah, J., Hussein, M. Z., Alitheen, N. B., Abu, N. (2016). Folic acid targeted Mn: ZnS quantum dots for theranostic applications of cancer cell imaging and therapy.International journal of nanomedicine,11, 413. Hofmann-Amtenbrink, M., Grainger, D. W., Hofmann, H. (2015). Nanoparticles in medicine: current challenges facing inorganic nanoparticle toxicity assessments and standardizations.Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine,11(7), 1689-1694. Karakoti, A. S., Shukla, R., Shanker, R., Singh, S. (2015). Surface functionalization of quantum dots for biological applications.Advances in colloid and interface science,215, 28-45. Lim, S. Y., Shen, W., Gao, Z. (2015). Carbon quantum dots and their applications.Chemical Society Reviews,44(1), 362-381. Lin, W. (2015). Introduction: nanoparticles in medicine. Nigam, P., Waghmode, S., Louis, M., Wangnoo, S., Chavan, P., Sarkar, D. (2014). Graphene quantum dots conjugated albumin nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging of pancreatic cancer.Journal of Materials Chemistry B,2(21), 3190-3195. Probst, C. E., Zrazhevskiy, P., Bagalkot, V., Gao, X. (2013). Quantum dots as a platform for nanoparticle drug delivery vehicle design.Advanced drug delivery reviews,65(5), 703-718. Walters, R., Medintz, I. L., Delehanty, J. B., Stewart, M. H., Susumu, K., Huston, A. L., ... Dawson, G. (2015). The role of negative charge in the delivery of quantum dots to neurons.ASN neuro,7(4), 1759091415592389. Ye, F., Barrefelt, ., Asem, H., Abedi-Valugerdi, M., El-Serafi, I., Saghafian, M., ... Hassan, M. (2014). Biodegradable polymeric vesicles containing magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and anticancer drugs for drug delivery and imaging.Biomaterials,35(12), 3885-3894.